Alexandria Beaches and History: A Perfect Blend of Relaxation and Culture

Culture and Lifestyle

A City Shaped by Diversity

Alexandria has always been a melting pot of cultures. Its position on the Mediterranean drew people from across the world, creating a city that feels both Egyptian and international at the same time. Over the centuries, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, and Europeans left their mark, influencing everything from architecture to cuisine. Walking through its streets, visitors see mosques standing near churches, modern cafés next to old marketplaces, and seaside villas built in European styles.

Layers of Heritage – Greek, Roman, and Egyptian Influences

The city’s long history can be felt in every corner. Greek and Roman contributions remain visible in monuments such as the Roman Amphitheatre and the Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa, while Egyptian traditions are alive in the bustling souks and daily rhythms of life. This fusion of Mediterranean and Egyptian character makes Alexandria different from any other city in Egypt.

Language and Everyday Communication

Arabic is the primary language spoken, though Alexandria’s cosmopolitan past means that French, Italian, and English words occasionally appear in local conversations. The Alexandrian dialect is known for its softer tone compared to Cairo’s accent. English is widely used in hotels, restaurants, and shops, making it easy for international visitors to communicate.

Local Lifestyle and Traditions

Life here moves at a gentler pace than in Egypt’s capital. Fishing remains an important livelihood, and seafood markets still buzz every morning. Families often gather along the Corniche in the evenings to enjoy the sea breeze. Cultural traditions are preserved through community festivals, religious celebrations, and neighborhood gatherings where music and food bring people together.

Festivals and Community Spirit

The city hosts cultural events such as the Alexandria International Film Festival, which draws artists from across the Mediterranean. Religious occasions like Eid al-Fitr and Coptic Christmas are celebrated with lively decorations, family feasts, and communal prayers. Local festivals often include open-air performances, food stalls, and traditional dances.

The Flavors of Alexandria

Food plays a central role in the city’s identity. Being a coastal hub, Alexandria is especially loved for its seafood dishes.

• Sayadeya:

• A local favorite made of spiced rice with fish and caramelized onions.

• Kebda Eskandarani:

• Spicy liver sandwiches are served from bustling street stalls.

• Feseekh and Ringa:

• Traditional salted and smoked fish are eaten during spring festivals.

Café Culture and Street Food

Cafés are woven into daily life. Traditional coffeehouses serve strong Arabic coffee or mint tea, where locals chat, play backgammon, or watch football. Modern cafés along the Corniche offer pastries, espresso, and views of the sea. Street vendors selling falafel, shawarma, and Egyptian-style crepes add flavor to every neighborhood, giving travelers an authentic taste of Alexandria’s lifestyle.

Main Tourist Attractions

Alexandria is a city where ancient ruins, medieval architecture, and modern cultural landmarks exist side by side. Travelers can experience a mix of history, scenic beauty, and vibrant local life. Below are the city’s most remarkable attractions that make it a must-visit destination in Egypt.

Bibliotheca Alexandrina – A Modern Symbol of Knowledge

The Bibliotheca Alexandrina, inaugurated in 2002, stands as a tribute to the legendary Great Library of Alexandria, which once held the wisdom of the ancient world. Its striking circular design leans toward the sea, symbolizing the sun rising over the Mediterranean.

Inside, the library is more than just shelves of books. It houses millions of volumes, exhibition halls, museums, art galleries, and even a planetarium. The granite walls are engraved with scripts from over 100 languages, highlighting its global spirit. Visitors come here not only to read or study but also to admire the architecture and explore exhibitions that connect past and present.

Qaitbay Citadel – Fortress by the Sea

At the edge of the harbor stands the Qaitbay Citadel, a 15th-century fortress constructed on the very site where the Pharos Lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, once stood. Commissioned by Sultan Qaitbay, the fortress was designed to protect the city from naval attacks.

The structure is built with thick stone walls and features towers, courtyards, and defensive chambers. Today, it offers visitors sweeping views of the Mediterranean and the Corniche. Watching the waves crash against its walls or enjoying the sunset from its ramparts is one of the most memorable experiences in Alexandria.

Montaza Palace and Gardens – A Royal Retreat

Nestled on the eastern side of the city, the Montaza Palace is surrounded by sprawling gardens that stretch along the coast. Built in the late 19th century as a summer retreat for Egypt’s royal family, the palace combines Ottoman and Florentine architectural styles, giving it a unique appearance.

Although the palace itself is not fully open to the public, the gardens welcome locals and tourists alike. With palm trees, flowerbeds, and pathways leading to the sea, it is a popular spot for picnics, leisurely walks, and family outings. Nearby beaches and resorts make the Montaza area ideal for both relaxation and exploration.

Alexandria National Museum – A Journey Through Eras

Housed in a renovated Italian-style mansion, the Alexandria National Museum offers visitors a condensed yet thorough overview of the city’s layered history. Spread across three floors, its exhibits take guests through different eras:

• Pharaonic artifacts, including statues and jewelry.

• Greco-Roman pieces, with many objects retrieved from underwater excavations.

• Islamic and Coptic collections, showcasing centuries of spiritual and cultural influence.

The museum’s well-organized displays help travelers understand how Alexandria evolved through time, making it an essential stop for history enthusiasts.

Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa – An Underground Wonder

One of the most extraordinary sites in Alexandria is the Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa, a vast underground necropolis dating back to the 2nd century CE. Discovered accidentally in 1900, the catacombs reflect a fascinating mix of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman traditions.

Descending into the site, visitors find spiral staircases leading to burial chambers adorned with carvings and statues. Here, Egyptian gods are depicted with Roman-style clothing, a rare cultural fusion. Exploring the catacombs feels like stepping into a hidden world, where the blending of civilizations is carved into stone.

Pompey’s Pillar – A Towering Roman Monument

Rising 27 meters above the ground, Pompey’s Pillar is one of the tallest ancient columns still standing outside of Rome. Despite its name, it was not built for Pompey but in honor of the Roman Emperor Diocletian around 300 CE.

The column, made of red granite from Aswan, once formed part of the Serapeum temple complex. Visitors can also see sphinx statues and smaller ruins around the site. Its sheer scale and survival through centuries make it a striking reminder of Alexandria’s Roman heritage.

The Corniche – A Walk by the Sea

The Corniche is Alexandria’s most iconic promenade, stretching for kilometers along the coastline. Lined with cafés, restaurants, and historic buildings, it is the perfect place for an evening walk.

For locals, the Corniche is a favorite meeting point. Families gather to enjoy the breeze, couples stroll hand in hand, and vendors sell ice cream, roasted corn, and snacks. For travelers, it offers both a glimpse into daily life and panoramic sea views.

Roman Amphitheatre – Entertainment of the Past

The Roman Amphitheatre, discovered in the 1960s, is the only known amphitheatre in Egypt. With marble seating arranged in a semicircle, it once hosted concerts, speeches, and public gatherings.

Exploring the site, visitors can see not just the seating but also Roman baths and mosaics nearby. Its preservation allows travelers to imagine how crowds once gathered here for performances nearly two millennia ago.

Ras El Tin Palace – A Historic Landmark

Built in the 19th century, Ras El Tin Palace was one of the main residences of Egypt’s royal family. Positioned near the harbor, it played a central role in the country’s modern history. While it is now used by the Egyptian Navy and closed to the public, its imposing exterior and location make it a notable part of the city’s skyline.

Spiritual Landmarks – Mosques and Churches

Alexandria is home to stunning religious landmarks that highlight its diverse spiritual heritage.

• Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque:

• An 18th-century mosque with domes, minarets, and intricate designs, built in honor of a revered Sufi saint.

• Saint Mark’s Coptic Orthodox Cathedral:

• Considered one of the most important churches in Egypt, it is believed to be built on the site where Saint Mark established the Coptic Church.

These sites not only serve as places of worship but also showcase the city’s architectural richness and religious diversity.

Experiences in Alexandria

Beyond its well-known landmarks and historical treasures, Alexandria is also a city of everyday experiences. It is where the Mediterranean lifestyle blends with Egyptian traditions. From beaches and shopping to nightlife and cultural evenings, the city offers travelers countless ways to immerse themselves in its character.

Beaches and the Mediterranean Lifestyle

Popular Beaches in Alexandria

Alexandria’s long coastline provides a variety of beaches, ranging from lively public areas to quieter retreats.

• Maamoura Beach –

• Family-friendly and known for its clear waters and safe swimming zones.

• Montaza Beach –

• Located near Montaza Palace, this beach combines natural beauty with a royal setting.

• Stanley Beach –

• Famous for its views of the Stanley Bridge, it has a lively, urban atmosphere.

• Agami Beach –

• Situated west of the city, it is quieter and ideal for those seeking a more peaceful escape.

Sea Activities and Leisure

The Mediterranean Sea offers recreation opportunities. Visitors can swim, jet ski, or paddle boat, while families often enjoy horse-drawn carriage rides along the Corniche. Younger travelers may prefer beach cafés and water sports, making the coast a lively destination for all.

Shopping

Traditional Markets and Souks

For travelers who enjoy authentic shopping experiences, Alexandria’s markets are a delight. Souk El-Attarine, one of the oldest in the city, is famous for its antiques, perfumes, jewelry, and handicrafts. Strolling through its narrow lanes feels like stepping back in time, where bargaining with shopkeepers is part of the experience.

Modern Shopping Centers

For a more contemporary outing, Alexandria has large malls such as San Stefano Grand Plaza and City Centre Alexandria. These centers feature international brands, restaurants, cinemas, and entertainment spaces, making them popular with both locals and visitors.

Souvenirs to Bring Home

Popular keepsakes include spices, handcrafted jewelry, seashell art, leather goods, and Egyptian cotton products. A unique souvenir option is glass bottles filled with colored sand, often arranged into images of Mediterranean landscapes.

Nightlife and Evening Entertainment

Bars, Lounges, and Pubs

Alexandria’s nightlife is more relaxed than Cairo’s but still lively. Historic spots like Spitfire Bar, which has been welcoming guests for decades, offer a taste of local culture. Rooftop lounges with sea views and modern clubs appeal to younger crowds seeking entertainment.

Theaters, Music, and Cultural Venues

For cultural evenings, the Alexandria Opera House (Sayyid Darwish Theatre) is the city’s premier venue, hosting operas, ballets, and concerts. Smaller cafés and venues feature live bands, poetry readings, and local performances, giving visitors a chance to enjoy Alexandria’s artistic side.

The Corniche by Night

Evenings along the Corniche are a highlight of the city’s daily life. Families stroll under the streetlights, couples enjoy the sea breeze, and vendors sell roasted corn, nuts, and ice cream. Watching the Mediterranean waves under the night sky is a simple yet unforgettable Alexandria experience.

Alexandria for Travelers

Planning a trip to Alexandria is just as exciting as exploring the city itself. With multiple transportation options and a wide range of accommodations, visiting this Mediterranean jewel is convenient for travelers of all types. Here’s how to get there, move around, and choose the best place to stay.

How to Reach

By Air

Alexandria is served by Borg El Arab International Airport, located about 40 kilometers from the city center. Although smaller than Cairo’s airport, it connects Alexandria to destinations across the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe. Many international visitors, however, arrive in Cairo first and then continue to Alexandria by train, bus, or car.

By Train

Traveling by train is one of the most convenient and enjoyable ways to reach Alexandria from Cairo. Trains depart regularly from Ramses Station in Cairo to Misr Station in Alexandria, with travel times ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 hours. The journey takes passengers through the fertile Nile Delta, offering scenic views of rural villages and farmlands.

By Road

Alexandria lies approximately 225 kilometers northwest of Cairo, making it accessible by car or bus in about three hours. The Cairo–Alexandria Desert Road is the fastest route, while the agricultural road offers a slower but more scenic alternative. Several bus companies provide reliable services between the two cities.

Getting Around the City

Public Transport

Alexandria has a network of buses, microbuses, and trams. The tram system, among the oldest in Africa, offers a charming way to explore, though it is not always the quickest option. Buses and microbuses are inexpensive but often crowded during peak hours.

Taxis and Ride-Hailing Apps

Taxis are widely available, though not all drivers use meters. It is advisable to agree on the fare before starting a ride. Alternatively, ride-hailing apps like Uber and Careem operate in Alexandria, providing safer and more convenient options with transparent pricing.

Walking Tours and Local Guides

Exploring the Corniche, historical districts, and traditional markets on foot is a highlight for many visitors. Hiring a local guide enriches the experience with stories and insights about Alexandria’s heritage. Guided tours often focus on specific themes such as Greco-Roman history, Islamic landmarks, or culinary traditions, giving travelers a deeper understanding of the city.

Accommodation Options

Luxury Hotels and Resorts

For those seeking premium comfort, Alexandria offers several luxury stays:

• Four Seasons Hotel San Stefano:

• Renowned for its sea views, private beach, and fine dining.

• Hilton Alexandria Corniche:

• A modern hotel in a central location with panoramic views.

• Helnan Palestine Hotel:

• Situated near Montaza Palace, offering a royal atmosphere and direct access to the Mediterranean.

Mid-Range and Budget Hotels

Travelers on a budget will find plenty of affordable options, particularly in downtown Alexandria and around El Raml Station. These hotels provide comfort and accessibility without the high price tag, making them suitable for both solo travelers and families.

Boutique Hotels Along the Corniche

For a more intimate and stylish stay, boutique hotels along the Corniche are an excellent choice. These smaller properties often combine personalized service with unique interiors and excellent locations close to the sea. They are ideal for visitors who want charm and comfort without the busyness of large resorts.

Day Trips and Nearby Destinations

While Alexandria itself offers an incredible mix of history and culture, exploring the surrounding region adds even more depth to your journey. From battlefields and archaeological towns to desert excursions and beach getaways, these nearby destinations provide a fuller picture of Egypt’s Mediterranean and desert landscapes.

El Alamein – A World War II Legacy

Located about 110 kilometers west of Alexandria, El Alamein is remembered for its two decisive battles during World War II. For history enthusiasts, it offers an emotional and educational experience.

• El Alamein War Museum:

• Features displays of weapons, uniforms, maps, and photographs from the North African campaign.

• Cemeteries:

• The Commonwealth, German, and Italian war cemeteries are beautifully maintained memorials that honor the thousands who lost their lives.

Visiting El Alamein not only highlights Egypt’s role in global history but also allows travelers to enjoy the tranquility of the Mediterranean coastline nearby.

Rosetta (Rashid) – The Town of the Rosetta Stone

Just 65 kilometers east of Alexandria, the small town of Rosetta (Rashid) is where the famous Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799. This artifact eventually unlocked the meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphs, making the town a key site in the study of ancient Egypt.

What to see in Rosetta:

• Rashid National Museum:

• Houses a replica of the Rosetta Stone and showcases the town’s history.

• Ottoman-era houses:

• Traditional homes built with wood and stone reveal the town’s architectural heritage.

• The Nile Estuary:

• A scenic point where the Nile River meets the Mediterranean, perfect for photography and boat rides.

Rosetta offers visitors a quieter, more traditional Egyptian experience, away from the busier streets of Alexandria.

Borg El Arab – Desert Excursions and Modern Growth

Southwest of Alexandria lies Borg El Arab, an area that combines desert landscapes with modern developments. While known primarily for Borg El Arab International Airport, it also offers unique experiences.

• Desert Safaris:

• Camel rides, quad biking, and Bedouin-style dinners under the stars give visitors a taste of desert life.

• Modern Expansion:

• Borg El Arab is growing rapidly as an industrial and technological hub, reflecting the future of Egypt’s development.

It is a destination for travelers seeking a blend of adventure and insight into Egypt’s modern growth.

Other Excursions Worth Considering

• Marsa Matrouh (240 km west):

• A resort town celebrated for its turquoise waters and pristine white-sand beaches, ideal for a relaxing seaside escape.

• Wadi El Natrun (100 km south):

• Known for its historic Coptic monasteries, many of which remain active and open to visitors interested in religious history.

Practical Travel Tips

Visiting Alexandria can be a smooth and enjoyable experience if travelers keep a few practical details in mind. From staying safe to budgeting wisely and respecting local customs, these tips will help you make the most of your journey.

Safety and Security

General Safety for Tourists

Alexandria is generally safe, especially in well-populated areas such as the Corniche and around historical sites. However, as in any large city, it’s best to stay cautious.

• Avoid carrying large sums of cash or displaying valuables in crowded places.

• Keep important documents in a secure location.

• Stick to well-lit streets and busy areas if exploring at night.

Women traveling alone may attract some attention; dressing modestly and joining group tours or hiring a guide often ensures a more comfortable experience.

Avoiding Common Scams

While scams are not widespread, it’s smart to remain cautious:

• Taxis:

• If a taxi doesn’t have a working meter, agree on the fare before the ride. Alternatively, use ride-hailing apps like Uber or Careem for fair pricing.

• Street Vendors:

• Bargaining is common, but if you feel pressured, politely decline and move on.

• Unofficial Guides:

• Only book tours through licensed operators to avoid being overcharged.

Budgeting for Your Trip

Typical Costs

Alexandria is relatively affordable compared to other Mediterranean cities, though costs vary depending on travel style:

• Accommodation:

• Budget hotels start around $20 per night, while luxury stays range from $120–200.

• Food:

• Street food can cost $1–3, meals at casual restaurants $5–10, and upscale dining $20 or more.

• Transport:

• Trams cost less than $1, while train tickets from Cairo range from $5 to 15.

Money-Saving Tips

• Eat where locals eat — small seafood restaurants and family-owned cafés are both affordable and delicious.

• Use trams or walk short distances instead of taking taxis everywhere.

• Take advantage of free experiences such as strolling along the Corniche or visiting local markets.

Local Etiquette and Customs

Dress and Social Norms

Although Alexandria has a relaxed Mediterranean feel, modest clothing is still appreciated, especially in religious sites.

• Cover shoulders and knees when entering mosques and churches.

• Swimwear is acceptable on private beaches and resorts, but not on public beaches.

• Public displays of affection are uncommon and should be avoided.

Respecting Religious and Cultural Practices

The city is home to both Muslim and Christian communities, and showing respect during religious occasions is important.

• During Ramadan, avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours.

• Remove your shoes when entering mosques and dress conservatively.

• Always ask before taking photographs inside religious buildings.

Using a simple greeting like “Salam Alaikum” (peace be upon you) is a polite way to connect with locals and show cultural awareness.